The TP4056 is a widely-used lithium battery charging IC that supports 1-cell lithium-ion or lithium-polymer batteries. It’s a popular component used in DIY electronics and battery management systems.
Manufacturer and Brand:
Brand: The TP4056 is manufactured by Tianjin Top Power Semiconductor Co., Ltd., commonly referred to as TP in the semiconductor industry.Package Type and Pin Function Description:
The TP4056 IC typically comes in a SOT-23-6 package, which has 6 pins. Below is the detai LED description of each pin function:
TP4056 Pinout Description:
Pin Number Pin Name Pin Function Description Pin 1 (BATT) Battery Pin This is the battery input pin. It's used to connect the lithium-ion or lithium-polymer battery. The voltage on this pin is regulated by the IC to ensure safe charging and voltage control. Pin 2 (GND) Ground Pin This pin serves as the ground reference for the entire circuit. It must be connected to the negative terminal of the power supply. Pin 3 (OUT) Output Pin The output pin connects to the positive terminal of the battery. The charging current flows from this pin into the battery. Pin 4 (PROG) Programming Pin This pin is used to set the charging current. A resistor is typically connected between the PROG pin and ground to adjust the current limit. The resistor value determines the current that will be used for charging. Pin 5 (CHRG) Charge Status Pin The CHRG pin is used to indicate the charge status of the battery. It goes low when charging is in progress and high when charging is complete. It can be used to connect an LED to display the charging status. Pin 6 (CE) Chip Enable Pin This pin is used to enable or disable the charging function. When low, the chip is disabled; when high, the charging function is enabled.Full Pin Function Breakdown:
BATT Pin (Pin 1): This is the main power input for the battery. When the IC is charging, it controls the battery voltage, ensuring it doesn’t exceed the maximum limit for a lithium battery, usually around 4.2V.
GND Pin (Pin 2): Serves as the ground reference and completes the circuit. The ground is essential for stable voltage reference and proper functioning of the entire charging system.
OUT Pin (Pin 3): This pin provides the voltage needed to charge the connected battery. It is tied to the battery's positive terminal, allowing the TP4056 to charge the battery up to a safe voltage.
PROG Pin (Pin 4): A resistor connected between the PROG pin and ground sets the maximum charge current for the battery. The TP4056 can charge at a rate of up to 1A, with typical configurations being 500mA or 1A, depending on the resistor value.
CHRG Pin (Pin 5): This pin is used to monitor the charging state. When charging is ongoing, it is typically low, indicating that the battery is being charged. Once the charging cycle is complete, it switches high to indicate the charging process has finished.
CE Pin (Pin 6): The chip enable pin is used to control the operation of the TP4056. A high logic level enables the chip, while a low level disables the charging process. This can be used to manage whether or not the charging circuit is active.
20 Common FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
What is the TP4056 used for? The TP4056 is a lithium-ion and lithium-polymer battery charging IC used for safely charging single-cell batteries.
What is the maximum charging current of the TP4056? The TP4056 can support a maximum charging current of 1A, but the charging current can be adjusted by changing the value of the resistor connected to the PROG pin.
What is the purpose of the PROG pin? The PROG pin is used to set the charging current by connecting an external resistor between the PROG pin and ground.
How does the TP4056 know when the battery is fully charged? The TP4056 monitors the battery voltage, and when the battery reaches a specific voltage (usually 4.2V), it stops charging to prevent overcharging.
What type of batteries can the TP4056 charge? The TP4056 is designed to charge 3.7V single-cell lithium-ion or lithium-polymer batteries.
How do I connect an LED to show charging status? You can connect an LED to the CHRG pin. When the charging process is ongoing, the CHRG pin will be low, turning the LED on. When the charging is complete, the CHRG pin will be high, and the LED will turn off.
Can I use the TP4056 to charge two batteries in parallel? The TP4056 is designed to charge one single-cell battery. For two batteries in parallel, you will need a separate TP4056 for each.
Can I use a higher voltage power supply with the TP4056? The TP4056 can accept an input voltage between 4.5V and 5.5V. Using a power supply above this range could damage the IC.
What is the role of the CE pin in the TP4056? The CE pin is used to enable or disable the charging function. A low signal disables the chip, while a high signal enables it.
What happens if I connect the battery incorrectly? If you connect the battery with reversed polarity, the TP4056 may not charge properly and could be damaged. Always double-check the connections.
Is there any protection built into the TP4056 for overcharging? Yes, the TP4056 has built-in overcharge protection. It will stop charging when the battery voltage reaches 4.2V.
Can I use the TP4056 for charging other types of rechargeable batteries? No, the TP4056 is specifically designed for lithium-ion and lithium-polymer batteries. It should not be used for other chemistries like NiMH or lead-acid.
What is the charging efficiency of the TP4056? The charging efficiency is typically high, often above 85%, but it can vary depending on external components like the input power supply and the battery itself.
What is the maximum input voltage for the TP4056? The maximum input voltage for the TP4056 is 5.5V. Anything higher may damage the IC.
How do I know if the TP4056 is working properly? When working properly, the LED connected to the CHRG pin will indicate charging status. If it’s not charging, the IC may not be enabled or could be damaged.
Can I charge a battery without a micro-USB input? Yes, the TP4056 can charge via other power sources, but a micro-USB is commonly used in DIY projects due to its convenience.
What is the typical application of the TP4056? Typical applications include power banks, portable devices, and DIY electronics where a single-cell lithium battery is used.
How do I choose the right resistor for the PROG pin? The resistor value should be selected according to the desired charging current. Use the formula Icharge = 1000/Rprog to calculate the current.
Can I use a 3.7V battery in a device powered by 5V? Yes, the TP4056 can charge a 3.7V battery, which can then be used to power a device that requires 5V, typically through a DC-DC converter.
What happens if I exceed the maximum current for the TP4056? Exceeding the current rating can cause overheating or damage to the chip. Always use a resistor to ensure the current is within the safe limits.
This detailed guide provides you with all the essential information about the TP4056, from its pin functions to common troubleshooting questions. Feel free to use it as a reference for your projects!